Aruba is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, along with the Netherlands, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten. It is located in the southern Caribbean Sea, about 29 kilometres (18 mi) north of the coast of Venezuela.
Together with Bonaire and Curaçao, Aruba forms a group referred to as the ABC islands.
Aruba's first inhabitants are thought to have been Caquetío Amerindians from the Arawak tribe, who migrated there from Venezuela to escape attacks by the Caribs.
Europeans first learned of Aruba following the explorations for Spain by Amerigo Vespucci and Alonso de Ojeda in the summer of 1499. Both described Aruba as an "island of giants", remarking on the comparatively large stature of the native Caquetíos compared to Europeans. Because it had low rainfall, Aruba was not considered profitable for the plantation system and the economics of the slave trade.
Aruba was first colonized by Spain for over a century.
The Netherlands acquired Aruba in 1636. Since 1636, Aruba has been under Dutch administration.
During the Napoleonic wars, the British Empire took control over the island, between 1799 and 1802, and between 1804 and 1816, before handing it back to the Dutch.
In August 1947, Aruba presented its first Staatsreglement (constitution), for Aruba's status aparte as an autonomous state within the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
In March 1977, the first Referendum for Self Determination was held with the support of the United Nations; 82% of the participants voted for independence.
In March 1983, Aruba reached an official agreement within the Kingdom for its independence, to be developed in a series of steps as the Crown granted increasing autonomy.
At a convention in The Hague in 1990, at the request of Aruba's Prime Minister, the governments of Aruba, the Netherlands, and the Netherlands Antilles postponed indefinitely its transition to full independence. The article scheduling Aruba's complete independence was rescinded in 1995, although the process could be revived after another referendum.
Unlike much of the Caribbean region, Aruba has a dry climate and an arid, cactus-strewn landscape. This climate has helped tourism as visitors to the island can reliably expect warm, sunny weather. It has a land area of 179 km2 (69.1 sq mi) and is densely populated, with a total of 102,484 inhabitants at the 2010 Census. It lies outside Hurricane Alley.
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