Rhodes is the largest of the Dodecanese islands in terms of land area and also the island group's historical capital.
Rhodes' nickname is The island of the Knights, named after the Knights of Saint John of Jerusalem, who once conquered the land.
Historically, Rhodes was famous worldwide for the Colossus of Rhodes, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The Medieval Old Town of the City of Rhodes has been declared a World Heritage Site. Today, it is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Europe.
The island was inhabited in the Neolithic period. In the 16th century BC, the Minoans came to Rhodes.
In the 15th century BC, Mycenaean Greeks invaded. After the Bronze Age collapse, the first renewed outside contacts were with Cyprus.
In the 8th century BC, the island's settlements started to form, with the coming of the Dorians, who built the three important cities of Lindos, Ialyssos and Kameiros, which together with Kos, Cnidus and Halicarnassus (on the mainland) made up the so-called Dorian Hexapolis (Greek for six cities).
The Persians invaded and overran the island, but they were in turn defeated by forces from Athens in 478 BC.
Rhodes then became a part of the growing empire of Alexander the Great in 332 BC, after he defeated the Persians.
Throughout the 3rd century BC, Rhodes attempted to secure her independence and her commerce, most especially her virtual control over the grain trade in the eastern Mediterranean.
In 395 with the division of the Roman Empire, the long Byzantine period began for Rhodes.
In 1306–1310, the Byzantine era of the island's history came to an end when the island was occupied by the Knights Hospitaller.Under the rule of the newly named "Knights of Rhodes", the city was rebuilt into a model of the European medieval ideal.
The strong walls which the knights had built withstood the attacks of the Sultan of Egypt in 1444, and a siege by the Ottomans under Mehmed II in 1480. Eventually, however, Rhodes fell to the large army of Suleiman the Magnificent in December 1522.
After World War I, the island, together with the rest of the Dodecanese, was officially assigned to Italy in the Treaty of Lausanne. It then became the core of their possession of the Isole Italiane dell'Egeo.
On 8 May 1945 the Germans under Otto Wagener surrendered Rhodes as well as the Dodecanese as a whole to the British, who soon after then occupied the islands as a military protectorate.
In 1947, Rhodes, together with the other islands of the Dodecanese, was united with Greece.
Rhodes, Greece | |
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