Sofia is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. The name Sofia comes from the Saint Sofia Church, meaning "star, door, teaching and wisdom".
Sofia is the second oldest city in Europe. The earliest people who settled were the Thracians and Celtic; It became a municipium during the reign of Roman Emperor Trajan (98–117). Constantine once considered making Sofia the capital of the Byzantine Empire instead of Constantinople.
The city was destroyed in the 447 invasion of the Huns; It was rebuilt by Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. During the reign of Justinian it flourished, being surrounded with great fortress walls whose remnants can still be seen today.
The city first became part of the First Bulgarian Empire during the reign of Khan Krum in 809, after a long siege.
The city fell to the Byzantine Empire in 1018, but once again was incorporated into the restored Bulgarian Empire at the time of Tsar Ivan Asen I.
In 1382, Sofia was seized by the Ottoman Empire in the course of the Bulgarian-Ottoman Wars after a long siege.
The city was occupied by Hungarian forces for a short time in 1443.
Sofia was liberated from Ottoman rule by Russian forces under Gen. Iosif Gurko on 4 January 1878.
In 1944 Sofia and the rest of Bulgaria was occupied by the Soviet Red Army. Bulgaria was transformed into the People's Republic of Bulgaria in 1946 and into the Republic of Bulgaria in 1990.
The city is at the foot of Vitosha Mountain in the western part of the country. Being in the centre of the Balkan peninsula, it is midway between the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea.
Sofia, Bulgaria | |
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